Discussions

Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins, or nucleic acids or complex combinations of these substances, or composed of living entities such as cells and tissues, which include a wide range of products such as vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues, and recombinant therapeutic proteins1. With the emergence of biosimilars, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and biobetters, the scope of biopharmaceutical treatment has become more widespread. As early as 2014, the market value of biopharmaceuticals has exceeded $150 billion2. As one of the fastest growing scientific fields, biopharmaceutical requirements for characterization techniques are even more prominent. In contrast to small molecule drugs, small variations of biologic molecules may lead to a strong impact on the final biological properties (including the product's performance, ability to be processed, stability and appearance) and treatment efficacy. Therefore, adequate characterization of biopharmaceuticals is essential for candidate products to be developed and approved for marketing.

Pharmaceutical impurities are introduced on the one hand by the pharmaceutical production process; on the other hand, they are affected by external conditions during storage, causing changes in the physical properties of the pharmaceutical, and usually impurities are present at very low level. Raw materials, pollutants, reagents catalysts, solvents and intermediates are all likely to produce impurities. Impurities in the drug are the main factors affecting the purity of the drug. Excessive impurities may change the physical and chemical constants and affect the stability of the drug. In addition, the increased impurities may cause the drug content to be low or the activity to decrease, so that the side effects are significantly increased. Therefore, the detection of impurities in drugs is a very important part of controlling the quality of drugs.

I've been working in the medical field for several years now, and I've tried multiple types of scrub caps—from standard tie-backs to bouffant styles. Lately, I've been hearing more and more about the euro style scrub cap and how it's supposedly more comfortable, secure, and modern-looking. But I’m wondering—does it actually make a noticeable difference in daily wear, or is it just another trend?

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